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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extinktionskoeffizient</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Der <b>Extinktionskoeffizient</b> (von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Latein" title="Latein">lateinisch</a></span> <span lang="la-Latn" style="font-style:italic">extinctio</span> <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚Auslöschung‘</span>) ist ein Maß für die Schwächung (<a href="Extinktion_(Optik)" title="Extinktion (Optik)">Extinktion</a>) von <a href="Elektromagnetische_Welle" title="Elektromagnetische Welle">elektromagnetischen Wellen</a> durch ein <a href="Ausbreitungsmedium" title="Ausbreitungsmedium">Medium</a>, bezogen auf die Weglänge durch das Medium und auf die <a href="Stoffmengenkonzentration" title="Stoffmengenkonzentration">Stoffmengenkonzentration</a> des <a href="Chemischer_Stoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemischer Stoff">Stoffs</a> im <a href="L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmittel</a>. Die Schwächung erfolgt durch <a href="Streuung_(Physik)" title="Streuung (Physik)">Streuung</a> und <a href="Absorption_(Physik)" title="Absorption (Physik)">Absorption</a>; wenn der Anteil der Streuung vernachlässigt werden kann, spricht man auch vom <a href="Absorptionskoeffizient" title="Absorptionskoeffizient">Absorptionskoeffizienten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der Extinktionskoeffizient wird häufig in der <a href="UV/VIS-Spektroskopie" title="UV/VIS-Spektroskopie">UV/VIS-Spektroskopie</a> bzw. <a href="Photometrie" title="Photometrie">Photometrie</a> verwendet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemie">Chemie</h2></div>
<p>In der Chemie ist der Extinktionskoeffizient <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a30c89172e5b88edbd45d3e2772c7f5e562e5173.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.083ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon }" loading="lazy"></span> (Epsilon), genauer gesagt der <b>molare, dekadische Extinktionskoeffizient</b> (<a href="Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonym</a>: <b>molarer Absorptionskoeffizient</b>), ein Maß dafür, wie viel elektromagnetische Strahlung eine spezielle Substanz in molarer Konzentration (1 <a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a>/<a href="Liter" title="Liter">l</a>) bei einer Durchtrittslänge von 1 cm und bei einer bestimmten <a href="Wellenl%C3%A4nge" title="Wellenlänge">Wellenlänge</a> absorbiert:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {E}{c\,d}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {E}{c\,d}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/55c250faeb63c283169905b873510151baccb111.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.628ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\frac {E}{c\,d}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>abgeleitet von einer fundamentalen Gleichung der Photometrie, dem <a href="Lambert-Beer%E2%80%99sches_Gesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert-Beer’sches Gesetz">lambert-beerschen Gesetz</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow E=\varepsilon \,c\,d}">
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<p>Darin bezeichnen
</p>
<ul><li><i>E</i> die <a href="Extinktion_(Optik)" title="Extinktion (Optik)">Extinktion</a> mit der <a href="Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe_der_Dimension_Zahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Größe der Dimension Zahl">Dimension einer Zahl</a>, d. h. die Verminderung der <a href="Intensit%C3%A4t_(Physik)" title="Intensität (Physik)">Intensität</a> des im <a href="Photometer" title="Photometer">Photometer</a> gemessenen Lichtes (genauer ist die Extinktion definiert als der <a href="Dekadischer_Logarithmus" title="Dekadischer Logarithmus">dekadische Logarithmus</a> des Verhältnisses der Ausgangsintensität zu der hinter der Probe gemessenen Intensität, was auch als Probedurchlässigkeit bezeichnet werden kann).</li>
<li><i>c</i> die Stoffmengenkonzentration der <a href="L%C3%B6sung_(Chemie)" title="Lösung (Chemie)">Lösung</a> in der <a href="K%C3%BCvette" title="Küvette">Messküvette</a></li>
<li><i>d</i> die Schichtdicke der Messküvette (meist 1 cm).</li></ul>
<p>Die gängige <a href="Ma%C3%9Feinheit" title="Maßeinheit">Einheit</a> des Extinktionskoeffizienten ist <a href="Liter" title="Liter">l</a>·mol<sup>−1</sup>·<a href="Zentimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentimeter">cm</a><sup>−1</sup>. Er ist abhängig von der Wellenlänge, der Temperatur, oft vom <a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH-Wert</a> und bei vielen <a href="Farbstoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Farbstoff">Farbstoffen</a> vom verwendeten Lösungsmittel. Seine Angabe erfolgt meist für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge und beim Absorptionsmaximum in Bezug auf die anderen Parameter. Farbstoffe in <a href="W%C3%A4ssrige_L%C3%B6sung" title="Wässrige Lösung">wässriger Lösung</a> haben in ihrem Absorptionsmaximum im sichtbaren Spektralbereich (VIS) Extinktionskoeffizienten bis zu 10<sup>5</sup> l·mol<sup>−1</sup>·cm<sup>−1</sup> = 10<sup>4</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>2</sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optik">Optik</h2></div>
<p>In diesem Bereich wird mit dem Begriff Extinktionskoeffizient <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> (auch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n''}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6711f7602131c0acfff13252ee04bce04bf65ba1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.255ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {N}}=n-\mathrm {i} k}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet. Er ist eine <a href="Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe_der_Dimension_Zahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Größe der Dimension Zahl">Größe der Dimension Zahl</a> für das Schwächungsvermögen eines Mediums: je größer, desto stärker wird die einfallende elektromagnetische Welle (z. B. Licht) vom Material aufgenommen (absorbiert). Dabei hängt der Extinktionskoeffizient stark von chemischen und <a href="Kristallografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristallografie">kristallografischen</a> Aufbau des Materials und somit von <a href="Physikalische_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Physikalische Größe">physikalischen Größen</a> wie der Wellenlänge der Strahlung, der <a href="Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> usw. ab (siehe auch: <a href="Permittivit%C3%A4t" title="Permittivität">Permittivität</a>).
</p><p>Der Extinktionskoeffizient <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> ist über den Realteil des komplexen Brechungsindex mit dem <a href="Absorptionsindex" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorptionsindex">Absorptionsindex</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa }">
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</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=n\cdot \kappa }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=n\cdot \kappa }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/21029716dfca3e134fb2b11af25ee7a499779327.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.722ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=n\cdot \kappa }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Wirkung des Imaginärteils des Brechungsindexes lässt sich am Beispiel <a href="Ebene_Welle" title="Ebene Welle">ebener</a> elektromagnetischer Wellen herleiten<sup id="cite_ref-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E(z,t)&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} kz}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ \mathrm {k} ={\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}\right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ {\hat {N}}=n-k\mathrm {i} \right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\left(\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z+{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}\right)\\&=\underbrace {E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{{\text{exponentiell abfallender Term für}}\ k>0}\cdot \underbrace {\exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{\text{ursprüngliche Oszillation mit Phasenverschiebung}}\\\end{aligned}}}">
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<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
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</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mo fence="true" symmetric="true">↓</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>N</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>exponentiell abfallender Term für</mtext>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>ursprüngliche Oszillation mit Phasenverschiebung</mtext>
</mrow>
</munder>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E(z,t)&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} kz}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ \mathrm {k} ={\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}\right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ {\hat {N}}=n-k\mathrm {i} \right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\left(\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z+{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}\right)\\&=\underbrace {E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{{\text{exponentiell abfallender Term für}}\ k>0}\cdot \underbrace {\exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{\text{ursprüngliche Oszillation mit Phasenverschiebung}}\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc911eb5cc9c54b2cb42fdcd14f37a48eca0bbbd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -18.838ex; width:76.093ex; height:38.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E(z,t)&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} kz}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ \mathrm {k} ={\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}\right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {{\hat {N}}\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&\quad \left\downarrow \ {\hat {N}}=n-k\mathrm {i} \right.\\&=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\left(\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z+{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}\right)\\&=\underbrace {E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{{\text{exponentiell abfallender Term für}}\ k>0}\cdot \underbrace {\exp \left({\mathrm {i} \omega t-\mathrm {i} {\frac {n\omega }{c}}z}\right)} _{\text{ursprüngliche Oszillation mit Phasenverschiebung}}\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei sind
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f=2\pi {\frac {c}{\lambda }}\ }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f=2\pi {\frac {c}{\lambda }}\ }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1077bf3720939d270fb1d2345ba7ab8f397fd633.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.682ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f=2\pi {\frac {c}{\lambda }}\ }" loading="lazy"></span>: die <a href="Kreisfrequenz" title="Kreisfrequenz">Kreisfrequenz</a> des Lichts</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>c</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" loading="lazy"></span>: die Naturkonstante <a href="Lichtgeschwindigkeit" title="Lichtgeschwindigkeit">Lichtgeschwindigkeit</a></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span>: die elektrische Feldstärke der optischen Welle</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d2cae6289b0fe626d1f9472a3416ac73e87bc5a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.998ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span>: die <a href="Elektrische_Feldkonstante" title="Elektrische Feldkonstante">elektrische Feldkonstante</a></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>: der Extinktionskoeffizient</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {N}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>N</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {N}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b9b81dbfd5ef1a73800b14a8d2e84a00c59667f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {N}}}" loading="lazy"></span>: der <a href="Brechungsindex#Komplexer_Brechungsindex" title="Brechungsindex">komplexe Brechungsindex</a> des Mediums</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>: Eindringtiefe der Welle</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span>: die Zeit</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span>: die <a href="Imagin%C3%A4re_Zahl#Imaginäre_Einheit_i" title="Imaginäre Zahl">imaginäre Einheit</a></li></ul>
<p>Die Amplitude in der Eindringtiefe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(z)=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left(-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(z)=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left(-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b86d6fd6b02a3dc93810bd16f22538ac9afedcc0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.583ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(z)=E_{0}\cdot \exp \left(-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ist also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> positiv, so nimmt die <a href="Amplitude" title="Amplitude">Amplitude</a> der Welle <a href="Exponentiell" class="mw-redirect" title="Exponentiell">exponentiell</a> ab.
</p><p>Für die Intensität <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I(z)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I(z)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f91626dd7480513c0508b10404bb303e607df43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.069ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I(z)}" loading="lazy"></span> der eindringenden Welle gilt in der Eindringtiefe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> des absorbierenden Mediums:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c|E(z)|^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c\left(E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\right)^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|cE_{0}^{2}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&=I(0)\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>I</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c|E(z)|^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c\left(E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\right)^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|cE_{0}^{2}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&=I(0)\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12c1676041013e5c7616d221bc5c768a6a2290d4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -11.418ex; margin-bottom: -0.253ex; width:35.67ex; height:24.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c|E(z)|^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|c\left(E_{0}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\right)^{2}\\&={\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon _{0}|{\hat {N}}|cE_{0}^{2}\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\&=I(0)\cdot \exp \left({-{\frac {2k\omega }{c}}z}\right)\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Extinktionskoeffizient <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> bewirkt also einen exponentiellen Abfall der <a href="Lichtintensit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichtintensität">Lichtintensität</a>.
</p><p>Nach Einführung des <a href="Absorptionskoeffizient" title="Absorptionskoeffizient">Absorptionskoeffizienten</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {2k\omega }{c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
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<mi>c</mi>
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</mrow>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {2k\omega }{c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe8b54e8e213d8e5078181cbdfa32922fa8387a1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.242ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {2k\omega }{c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Dimension 1/Länge erhält man:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I(z)=I(0)\cdot e^{-\alpha z}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I(z)=I(0)\cdot e^{-\alpha z}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/60f88a0aaa1b88be1b14f7c9d26d4f538355089d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.406ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I(z)=I(0)\cdot e^{-\alpha z}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Manchmal wird auch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }" loading="lazy"></span> Extinktionskoeffizient genannt (siehe z. B.<sup id="cite_ref-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Klaus_L%C3%BCders" title="Klaus Lüders">Klaus Lüders</a>, <a href="Robert_Otto_Pohl" title="Robert Otto Pohl">Robert Otto Pohl</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pohls Einführung in die Physik: Band 2: Elektrizitätslehre und Optik</cite>. Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-01627-1.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Extinktionskoeffizient&rft.au=Klaus+L%C3%BCders%2C+Robert+Otto+Pohl&rft.btitle=Pohls+Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+Physik%3A+Band+2%3A+Elektrizit%C3%A4tslehre+und+Optik&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783642016271&rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/chemistry/spectra/molabscoeff"><i>Molar Absorption Coefficients (UV-VIS).</i></a> In: <i>Spectra and Spectral Data.</i> University of Texas, englischsprachig.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Klaus_L%C3%BCders" title="Klaus Lüders">Klaus Lüders</a>, <a href="Robert_Otto_Pohl" title="Robert Otto Pohl">Robert Otto Pohl</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pohls Einführung in die Physik: Band 2: Elektrizitätslehre und Optik</cite>. Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-01627-1, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>353<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>f</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Extinktionskoeffizient&rft.au=Klaus+L%C3%BCders%2C+Robert+Otto+Pohl&rft.btitle=Pohls+Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+Physik%3A+Band+2%3A+Elektrizit%C3%A4tslehre+und+Optik&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783642016271&rft.pages=353+f&rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Extinktionskoeffizient-Zinth_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Wolfgang_Zinth" title="Wolfgang Zinth">Wolfgang Zinth</a>, Ursula Zinth: <cite style="font-style:italic">Optik</cite>. 2. Auflage. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-486-58801-9, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>22–23</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Extinktionskoeffizient&rft.au=Wolfgang+Zinth%2C+Ursula+Zinth&rft.btitle=Optik&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783486588019&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Wissenschaftsverlag" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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